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Sam Scudder

Sam Scudder is a simple convict, but he has the goal to learn how to get inside the reflection of a mirror. Stumbling into a hall of mirrors, he experiments and discovers a way to get in his own reflection. He uses this power to become the criminal Mirror Master. He battles the Flash several times. Scudder died around the same time that his foe Silver-Age Flash did, alongside the Icicle during the Crisis on Infinite Earths. Later, Captain Boomerang briefly assumes Scudder’s identity, becoming the second Mirror Master. He uses this as an alternate identity with which to commit crimes, thus not alerting his teammates in Suicide Squad to his extracurricular activities.

It is hinted that Sam Scudder will return as a Black Lantern in Blackest Night.

Evan McCulloch

As a baby, Scottish mercenary Evan McCulloch was left on the doorstep of an orphanage run by a Mrs. McCulloch, with nothing but his first name and a photograph of his parents. He grew up as a fairly normal child, until one night he got in a fight with a rapist bully and killed him. He was never caught, and, at age 16, Evan left the orphanage, again with nothing but his parents’ photograph , folding box board .

He settled in Glasgow, where he took up a life of drinking and partying that eventually led to crime. Robbery and extortion eventually led to murder, and Evan began to hire himself out as an assassin. He was an excellent killer, and quickly became one of the most renowned mercenaries in the United Kingdom , molded pulp .

One day, he had two hits scheduled. His eye was injured in the course of the first, leaving him with impaired vision. Evan couldn’t shake the feeling that the second target seemed familiar, but only after he pulled the trigger did he recognize the man as his father from the photograph. At the funeral, Evan saw his mother.

Over the next few days, he tried to work up the courage to see her, but by the time he had, she had committed suicide. Stricken with grief, Evan was about to turn himself over to the authorities when a shady consortium of U.S. government and big business interests offered him the costume and weapons of the original Mirror Master in exchange for his services.

His first assignment was to scare Animal Man into abandoning his animal-rights stance, a mission he failed thanks to the furious kickings of the hero’s wife. After he was fired and replaced by another assassin for refusing to actually kill Animal Man’s wife and children (and for his pay being withheld), McCulloch helped Animal Man to track and fight the same men who gave McCulloch his weapons, but his heroism was short lived. He continues to work as a criminal and a supervillain-for-hire. On occasion, he has also worked out of costume as a mercenary in Britain (as seen in the Vertigo series Mobfire).

He later moved to Keystone City, and came into conflict with the third Flash. He discovered a “Mirror Dimension” which enables him to travel through any reflective surface. During the events of Underworld Unleashed, the Rogues had accepted him as Scudder’s successor. After being betrayed by the devil Neron, McCulloch and four of the other Rogues died and went to Hell, but returned later due to a confrontation between Neron and the Flash. For a brief time, McCulloch then joined Lex Luthor’s Injustice Gang and fought the Justice League of America.

He worked with Blacksmith in her takeover of Keystone and Central City. When her plan failed, he became a member of Captain Cold’s gang. He also battles an addiction to cocaine, which has gotten him a beating from Cold. He seemed to have sobered up since the death of Captain Boomerang.

McCulloch subsequently joined Alexander Luthor’s Secret Society after the Rogue War. He, Captain Boomerang and Captain Cold battled the Outsiders before Infinite Crisis. In Infinite Crisis #7, they fought in the final battle being defeated by Martian Manhunter.

One Year Later, Evan is a member of the new Suicide Squad in Checkmate #6. He is again using cocaine. He was last seen with a tracking device on his neck, taking incriminating photos of Sasha Bordeaux and Michael Holt together.

He was seen as the member of Rogues who joined the Libra’s Secret Society of Super Villains.

In Final Crisis #1, he is seen teamed with Doctor Light. They are sent by Libra to recover Metron’s chair. They are briefly challenged by Empress, Sparx and Mas Y Menos, but defeat them easily by combining Light’s beams with Mirror Master’s Mirrors.

However in “Final Crisis: Rogues’ Revenge” #1, Evan and the rest of the Rogues reject Libra’s offer, wanting to stay out of the game.

Powers and abilities

Mirror Master uses mirrors that produce fantastic effects such as hypnotism, invisibility, holograms, physical transformations, communications and travel into other dimensions (other parallel universes or planes of existence).

Evan McCulloch uses a laser pistol.

Tangent Mirror Master body was made of a glass-like substance, and he was able to create portals to other worlds in the Multiverse.

Other versions

Mirror Master appeared in issue #12 Justice League Unlimited spin-off comic book.

Tangent Mirror Master

A Mirror Master featured in Tangent: Superman’s Reign #1, had a body made of a glass-like substance, and was able to create portals to other worlds in the Multiverse.

League Busters Mirror Master

A fourth Mirror Master who wore a purple outfit briefly appeared as a member of the “League-Busters” in Justice League International v2, #65 (Jun 1994).

Other media

Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show

Mirror Master appeared in an episode of Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show entitled “Reflections in Crime”. Interestingly enough the Flash doesn’t appear in this episode. In the episode, Mirror Master sets about trapping the Superfriends in this particular episode inside mirrors, called the sixth dimension. The Superfriends in this episode were Superman, Batman, Robin, Firestorm, and Samurai. Lois Lane makes a cameo appearance in the episode.

The Flash (TV series)

Mirror Master as seen in The Flash.

An episode of the live action The Flash TV series featured Samuel “Sam’ Scudder, a criminal nicknamed the Mirror Master, who used holograms projected by small mirrored disks to commit his heists. He was played by David Cassidy.

Justice League

Mirror Master cameo appears in the Justice League episode, “Eclipsed”. An actor is hired to play Mirror Master as a part of Flash’s Lightspeed energy bar commercial. The actor has a slight Irish accent, similar to McCulloch.

Justice League Unlimited

Mirror Master in Justice League Unlimited

Mirror Master next appears in the Justice League Unlimited episode, “Flash and Substance”, voiced by Alexis Denisof. He joins forces with Captain Boomerang, Captain Cold, and Trickster to attack Flash and later demolish the newly opened Flash Museum upon entering through Linda Park’s compact mirror. The character seems to be a mix of Scudder and McColloch. He is clearly American and thus not the Scottish follow-up Mirror Master, as well as being a simple criminal and not a hitman; however, his mirror powers are tilted more towards the enhanced, almost supernatural McCulloch skills, including a Mirror Dimension. In his battle with Flash, Batman, and Orion, Mirror Master ended up trapped in the broken shards of the mirror after Batman threw his Batarang at Linda Park’s mirror. Forensics were shown collecting the pieces of the mirror. He also had a cameo as a member of the Secret Society in JLU final season. In the episode “Flash and Substance” it was mentioned by Captain Boomerang that the Flash made Mirror Master eat his own “Laser-Caleidoscope”, though Mirror Master dismissed this as being false saying “Thats a rumor! A complete exaggeration. Besides it was a laser pistol”.

The Batman

Mirror Master with his assistant Smoke on The Batman.

Mirror Master appeared in the fifth season of The Batman voiced by and modeled after John Larroquette. This Mirror Master is referred to as Dr. Sam Scudder, a brilliant but mad optical physicist. In “A Mirror Darkly,” he employed mirror versions of Batman, Flash, and Robin to steal components for his Mirror Portal Ray. He used it to trap Gotham’s citizens in any reflective surface–mirrors, windows, even a silver serving tray. On a side note, he has a female assistant named Smoke. Mirror Master later returns in the episode “Lost Heroes” where he fights Flash and Green Arrow in a circus fun house only for Green Arrow to cut off his reflection by a slime-emitting arrow.

References

^ Mirror Master is number 79 IGN. Retrieved 10-05-09.

External links

Hyperborea entry for Mirror Master I

Hyperborea entry for Mirror Master II

Alan Kistler’s Profile On: THE FLASH - A detailed analysis of the history of the Flash by comic book historian Alan Kistler. Covers information all the way from Jay Garrick to Barry Allen to today, as well as discussions on the various villains and Rogues who fought the Flash. Various art scans.

Crimson Lightning - An online index to the comic book adventures of the Flash.

v d e

The Flash

Creators

Gardner Fox Harry Lampert Bob Kanigher Carmine Infantino John Broome Mark Waid Mike Wieringo

The Flash

Jay Garrick Barry Allen Wally West Bart Allen

Supporting characters

Iris West Allen Kid Flash Linda Park Max Mercury Johnny Quick Jesse Chambers Tornado Twins Chunk Pied Piper Iris West XS Dr. Tina McGee Valerie Perez Red Trinity Elongated Man Winky, Blinky, and Noddy

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ok up ta, ta ta, or TA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Ta as a word can mean:

Thank You in informal British English and the English of several other members of the British Commonwealth

T; the sixteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet

Ta (kana); the or kana in the Japanese language

Ta (really Lung Ta); a Shamanist and Buddhist symbol of a horse bearing with three flaming jewels on its back.

Ta River; a river in Virginia, USA

t; romanization of the Chinese character (he,him), or (she,her), or (it , tissue papers .

the character kanji (commonly read as ta), which originally meant ‘field’ in general, and is used in Japan exclusively to convey the meaning paddy fiel , cosmetic manufacturer .

Ta as a symbol may refer to:

Tantalum, a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73

teraannum, symbol Ta, is a unit of time equal to 1012 years

ISO 639-1 language code for the Tamil language

TACA, an international airline headquartered in San Salvador, El Salvador whose IATA two letter code is TA.

terampere or Tera-ampere, an SI unit of electric current, 1012 A

See also

TA as an abbreviation or acronym

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

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Date and text

The play has caused considerable debate among scholars. It is oddly constructed, with several lacunae (gaps) and for this reason is often described as unfinished, multi-authored, and/or experimental. No precise date of composition can be given and, while most place it as close but prior to the late romances, theories posited have ranged broadly from Shakespeare’s first work to his last. It is usually grouped with the tragedies (as in the First Folio), though some scholars have placed it with the problem comedies despite the death of its title character. Source material includes Plutarch’s “Life of Alcibiades” and Lucian’s dialogue, Timon the Misanthrope. The play had not been published prior to its inclusion in the First Folio (1623).

Facsimile of the first page of Timon of Athens from the First Folio, published in 1623

Since the nineteenth century, suggestions have been made that Timon is the work of two writers, and it has been argued that the play’s unusual features are the result of the play being co-authored by playwrights with very different mentalities; the most popular candidate, Thomas Middleton, was first suggested in 1920. A 1917 study by John Mackinnon Robertson posits that George Chapman wrote “A Lover’s Complaint” and was the originator of Timon of Athens. These claims have been rejected by other commentators, including Bertolt Brecht Frank Harris, and Rolf Soellner, who claim that the play was a theatrical experiment. They argue that if one revised the other’s play it would have been “fixed” to the standards of Jacobean theatre, which is clearly not the case. Soellner believes the play is unusual because it was written to be performed at the Inns of Court, where it would have found a niche audience with young lawyers.

In the past three decades, several linguistic analyses of the text have all discovered apparent confirmation of the earlier theories: the play contains numerous words, phrases and punctuation choices that are common in the work of Thomas Middleton and rare in Shakespeare. These linguistic markers cluster in certain scenes, apparently indicating that the play is by Middleton and Shakespeare, and that it is a collaboration rather than a revision of one’s work by the other. The editor of the Oxford edition, John Jowett, describes this evidence and stresses that Middleton’s presence does not mean the play should be disregarded: “Timon of Athens is all the more interesting because the text articulates a dialogue between two dramatists of a very different temper” (p. 2) , jewelry trays .

None of the above theories have gained an academic consensus, however , meat trays .

Performance history

Performance history in Shakespeare’s lifetime is unknown, though the same is also true of his more highly regarded plays such as Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus, which most scholars believe were written in the same period. The play’s date uncertain, though its bitter tone links it with Coriolanus and King Lear. John Day’s play Humour Out of Breath, published in 1608, contains a reference to “the lord that gave all to his followers, and begged more for himself” - a possible allusion to Timon that would, if valid, support a date of composition before 1608. It has been proposed that Shakespeare himself took the role of the Poet, who has the fifth-largest line count in the play.

In 1678 Thomas Shadwell produced a popular adaptation, The History of Timon of Athens, the Man-Hater, to which Henry Purcell later composed the music. Shadwell added two women to the plot: Melissa, Timon’s faithless fiancee, and Evandre, his loyal and discarded mistress. James Dance made another adaptation in 1768, soon followed by Richard Cumberland’s version at Drury Lane in 1771, in which the dying Timon gives his daughter Evadne, not present in Shakespeare’s original, to Alcibiades. Further adaptations followed in 1786 (Thomas Hull’s at Covent Garden) and 1816 (George Lamb’s at Drury Lane), ending with an 1851 production reinstating Shakespeare’s original text by Samuel Phelps at Sadler’s Wells.

Characters

Timon (T’mn): a lord of Athens, and at one time, an unusually wealthy one. Some scholars think him an old retired soldier, based on an ambiguous reference to armor in Act IV, and comparison with the play to King Lear. Others consider Timon to be a young man whose wealth is largely generational. The text states that the bulk of his wealth was in land. Peter Brook’s French language production in the 1960s presented Timon as a young idealist in a white tuxedo. Paul Scofield played him as an old soldier in the Royal Shakespeare Company production in 1981.

Alcibiades (IPA: /ls’badi:z/): Captain of a military brigade and good friend to Timon. Often seen in the company of two prostitutes, Phrynia and Timandra. Based on the historical Alcibiades, but not necessarily historical in depicting him

Apemantus, sometimes spelled Apermantus, a philosopher and churl, very influential on Timon, but also critical of him. His speeches frequently begin in poetry, switch to prose, and end in poetry, as if he feels poetry is a wasted effort for those he might generate it for. Most productions present Apemantus as an old man regardless of Timon’s age, though Brook’s production presented him as a young Algerian and likely homeless.

Flavius is Timon’s chief Steward. He handles all of Timon’s accounts and manages his household. He genuinely cares about Timon, and is unfazed when Timon vents his anger at him.

Flaminius is one of Timon’s servants. His name may be derived from a hot temperament he displays with Lucullus.

Servilius is another of Timon’s servants. He is passive and perhaps illiterate.

Lucilius is a romantic youth and Timon’s servant. He is in love with a woman above his station.

Ventidius, also spelled “Ventidgius” is one of Timon’s “friends”, and in debtors’ prison.

Lucullus is Timon’s “friend”. He would rather bribe Flaminius than help Timon.

Lucius, Timon’s “friend”, and the most brazenly hypocritical.

Sempronius is Timon’s most jealous “friend”.

Poet and Painter are friends; artists (and implicitly not very good ones) who seek Timon’s patronage. They appear several times in the play and always together, but the play’s opening dialogue says they have not met in some time. A Jeweller and a Merchant appear briefly in their company (also a Mercer, a ghost character).

The Senators of Athens. There are numerous unnamed senators in the play, some with rather large roles, but all of them turn their backs on Timon and Alcibiades. One has a servant named Caphis. Athens had no Senate in the time of the legendary Timon.

The Fool is briefly a companion to Apemantus and is employed by a prostitute. Likely he was written to give Robert Armin something to do in the play, as his appearance is quite brief.

Three Strangers, one named Hostilius; friends to Lucius.

The Old Athenian is the father of the woman Lucilius loves. Some productions have put his daughter on stage as well, but Shakespeare does not note her appearance.

Four Lords. False friends of Timon. The second receives a jewel from Timon, and references it later. Productions typically conflate these characters with Timon’s named false friends.

Servants to Timon, Lucullus, Lucius, Isidore, Varro (2), Titus, Hortensius, Philotus (the latter five being the names of Timon’s creditors)

Banditti, Soldier, Page, Cupid and Ladies at the Masque.

Synopsis

Timon gives a large banquet, attended by nearly all the characters. Timon gives away money wastefully, and everyone wants to please him to get more, except for Apemantus, a philosopher whose cynicism Timon cannot yet appreciate. He accepts the art from Poet and Painter, and a jewel from the Jeweller, yet even that he has given to one of his friends by the end of the act. An Old Athenian is angry that Timon’s servant, Lucilius, has been wooing his daughter, but Timon pays him three talents, because the happiness of his servant is worth the price. When he first makes his appearance at the party, he is told that his friend, Ventidius, is in debtors’ prison. He sends money to pay Ventidius’s debt, and Ventidius soon arrives at the party. Timon gives a speech on the value of friendship, and the friends view a masque followed by dancing. As the party winds down, Timon is giving away his horses (in preparation for a hunt the next day) and other possessions to his friends. The act is divided rather arbitrarily into two scenes but the experimental and/or unfinished nature of the play is reflected in that it does not naturally break into a five-act structure.

Flavius is upset that Timon has spent all his wealth, overextending his munificence by showering patronage on the parasitic writers and artists, and delivering his dubious friends from their financial straits. Timon, returning from the hunt, is upset that he has not been told this before, and begins to vent his anger on Flavius, who tells him that he has tried repeatedly in the past without success, and now he is at the end; all of his land has been sold. Shadowing Timon is his opposite number, the cynic philosopher Apemantus, who terrorizes Timon’s shallow companions with his caustic raillery. Along with a Fool, he attacks Timon’s creditors when they show up to make their demands for immediate payment. Timon sends out his servants to make requests for help from those friends he considers closest.

Timon’s servants are turned down, one by one, by Timon’s false friends, two giving lengthy monologues as to their anger with them. Elsewhere, one of Alcibiades’s junior officers has reached an even further point of rage, killing a man in “hot blood”. Alcibiades pleads with the Senate…

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Early history

The ruins of Carthage. When the city was destroyed, one of the few items that the Romans saved was the agricultural works of Mago.

Wild grapevines have grown on the Italian peninsula since prehistory and historians have not been able to pinpoint the exact moment in time when domestic viticulture and winemaking first occurred. It is possible that the Mycenaean had some influences with early Greek settlements in southern Italy but the earliest recorded evidence of Greek influence was in 800 BC. Viticulture was widely entrenched in Etruscan civilization which was centered around the modern winemaking region of Tuscany. The Ancient Greeks saw wine as a staple of domestic life as well as a viable economic trade commodity. Throughout the Greek world, settlements were encouraged to plant vineyards for local use and trade with the Greek city states. Southern Italy, with its abundance of indigenous vines, was an ideal location for wine production and was known by the Greeks as Oenotria (“land of vines”).

As Rome grew from a collection of settlements to a kingdom and then republic, the culture of Roman winemaking was influenced by the skills and techniques of the regions that were conquered and became part of the Roman Empire. The Greek settlements of southern Italy were completely under Roman control by 270 BC. The Etruscans, who already had established trade routes into Gaul, were completely conquered by the 1st century BC. The Punic Wars with Carthage had a particularly marked effect on Roman viticulture. In addition to broadening the cultural horizons of the Roman citizenry, they also introduced them to the advanced viticultural techniques of the Carthaginians in particular the work of Mago. When the libraries of Carthage were ransacked and burned, one of the few Carthaginian works to survive was the 26 volumes of Mago’s work which was translated into Latin and Greek in 146 BC. Mago’s work was extensively quoted in the influential Roman works by Pliny, Columella, Varro and Gargilius Martialis.

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For most of Rome’s winemaking history, Greek wine was the most highly prized with domestic Roman wine fetching far lower prices. The 2nd century BC began the “golden age” of Roman winemaking and the development of Grand cru vineyards (a type of early First Growths in Rome). The vintage of 121BC was of legendary fame and became known as the Opimian vintage, named after the consul at the timeucius Opimius. The vintage was noted for its large harvest and the unusually high quality of wine that was producedith some examples still being drunk over 100 years later. Pliny the Elder wrote extensively about the “first growths” of Romeost notably Falernian, Alban and Caecuban. Other first growth vineyards include Rhaeticum and Hadrianum located along the Po river in what are now the modern day regions of Lombardy and Venice respectively; Praetutium (not related to the modern Italian city Teramo, historically known as Praetutium) located along the Adriatic coast near the border of Emilia-Romagna and Marche and Lunense located in modern Tuscany. Around Rome itself were the estates of Alban, Sabinum, Tiburtinum, Setinum and Signinum. Going south towards Naples were the estates of Caecuban, Falernian, Caulinum, Trebellicanum, Massicum, Gauranium, and Surrentinum. In Sicily was the first growth estate of Mamertinum. At this highpoint, it was estimated that Rome was consuming over 47 million gallons (nearly 1.8 million hl) of wine each year, enough for every man, woman and child to have a pint (half a liter) of wine each day , tissue paper roll .

Pompeii

A mosaic depicting the harvest in Pompeii, recovered from a bar that served the city prior to its destruction.

One of the most important wine centres of the Roman world was the city of Pompeii located south of Naples. The area was home to a vast expanse of vineyards, and served as an important trading city with Roman provinces abroad. It was the principal source of wine for the city of Rome. The Pompeians themselves were notorious for the decadence of their wine thirst. The worship of Bacchus, the god of wine, was prevalent with depictions of the god being found on frescoes and archaeological fragments throughout the region. Amphorae stamped with the emblems of Pompeian merchants have been found across the Roman empire including the modern day regions of Bordeaux, Narbonne, Toulouse and Spain. There is evidence to suggest that the popularity and notoriety of Pompeian wine may have given rise to early wine fraud with fraudulent stamps being used to mark amphorae of non-Pompeian wine.

The 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius had a devastating effect on the Roman wine industry. Vineyards across the region were destroyed, as well as warehouses storing the recent 78 AD vintage, causing a dramatic shortage of wine. The damage to the trading port also hindered the flow of wines from outside provinces. The wine that was available rose sharply in price, making it unaffordable to all but the most affluent Romans. The wine famine caused a sense of panic among the Romans who rushed to plant vineyards in the areas near Rome, even uprooting grain fields to have more available areas to plant. While these efforts helped to quickly correct the shortage of wine, the opposite effect of a wine surplus also brought negative consequences. The glut of wine caused a depression in pricing which hurt the commercial entrance of wine producers and traders. The grain fields that were uprooted contributed to a food shortage for the growing Roman population. In 92 AD, Roman Emperor Domitian issued an edict that banned the plantings of any new vineyards in Rome and ordered the uprooting of half of the vineyards in Roman provinces. While there is evidence to suggest that Domitian’s edict was largely ignored in the Roman provinces, wine historians have debated the effect of the edict on the infant wine industries of Spain and Gaul. The expectation of the edict was that the reduced vineyards would supply only enough wine for domestic consumption with sparse amount for trade. While vineyards were already established in these growing wine regions, the lacking impetus of trading consideration may have had a depressing effect on the spread of viticulture and winemaking in these areas. Domitian’s edict stayed in effect for 188 years till Emperor Probus repealed the measure in 280 AD.

Expansion of viticulture

One of the lasting legacies of the ancient Roman empire was the foundations that the Romans set in lands that would become world renowned wine regions. Through trade, military campaigns and settlementshe Roman influence that touched each land brought with it a taste for wine and impetus to plant vines. Trade was the first and farthest reaching arm of Roman influence. From the Carthaginians and southern Spain to the Celtic tribes in Gaul and Germanic tribes of the Rhine and Danube, Roman wine merchants were eager to trade with enemy and ally alike. During the Gallic Wars, when Julius Caesar brought his troops to Chalon-sur-Sane in 59 BC, he found two Roman wine merchants already established in business trading with the local tribes. In places like Bordeaux, Trier and Colchester where Roman garrisons were established, vineyards were planted to supply the needs locally and limit the cost of long distance trading. As Roman settlements were founded and populated by retired soldiers, many of whom had knowledge of Roman viticulture from their families and life before the military, would plant vineyards of their own in their new homelands. While there are possibilities that the Romans imported grapevines from Italy and Greece, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that the Romans cultivated native vines in the provinces that may be the ancestors of the grapes grown there today.

As the Roman Republic grew into an empire, the complexity of the Roman wine trade grew as well. The Roman peninsula was known for its high quality wine. Pompeii was known for its unique and high quality wine. However, as the Republic grew beyond Italy, the trade and the market economy dealing with wine grew as well. The wine trade in Italy consisted of the Romans selling their wine abroad to settlements and provinces around the Mediterranean Sea. Yet, by the end of the 1st century C.E., the Romans wine exports had competition from its provinces, which began to export their wine to Rome. Because the Roman Empire was very much a market economy, the provinces exports were encouraged. This enhanced the supply and demand of the Roman market economy. If there were a high supply of wine, then the price of wine would be lower to the consumer. Because the Empire had a supply and demand economy, the Romans also had an ample supply of coinage, which also suggests that there was a complex market economy surrounding the wine trade of Roman Empire. An ample supply of coins meant that people within the Empire put a great deal of thought into the market economy of wine. Wine clearly was a pivotal part of the Roman Empire, her provinces, and its economy.

Hispania

Roman amphorae recovered from Catalonia.

The Roman defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars which brought the southern and coast territories of Spain under their control though the complete conquest of the Iberian peninsula wasn’t completed till the reign of Caesar Augustus. Roman colonization of the region led to the development of Tarraconensis in the northern regions of Spain, including what is now the modern winemaking regions of Catalonia, Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Galicia, and Hispania Baetica which includes modern Andalusia and Sherry wine making region of Cdiz. The Carthaginians and Phoenicians were the first to introduce viticulture to…

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Early life

His mother believed he was born in January, 1928, but Liston would later claim his birth date to be May 8, 1932.

Liston was born the son of a sharecropper in the sector of Morledge Plantation that lay in Johnson Township, St. Francis County, Arkansas. He was the 12th of 13 children born to Tobe Liston and Helen Baskin, and he endured frequent beatings as a child. At 13, he escaped from his father’s control and hitchhiked to St. Louis by himself to reunite with his mother and his cousins.

After he was sentenced to prison, as a teenager, for taking part in the robbery of a gas station, his boxing talent was discovered by a Roman Catholic priest, and it was boxing that helped him leave jail early. On Halloween night in 1952, he was paroled, and during a brief amateur career that spanned less than a year, he won several amateur tournaments, including the Golden Gloves. One of his victims was Olympic Heavyweight Champion Ed Sanders.

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Liston made his professional debut on September 2, 1953, knocking out Don Smith in the first round in St. Louis, where he fought his first five bouts , drawstring mesh bag .

At 6′ 0″, Liston had a disproportionately long reach of 84″ (equaled only by some champs who were/are 6′4″ and over). He also had the largest fists in heavyweight history, 15″, at least until the recent appearance of 7-ft Nikolay Valuev. His noticeably more muscular left arm and crushing left jab lends credence to the widely held belief that he was left-handed but utilized an orthodox stance.

Liston’s favorite song was “Night Train”. He was known to repeat both versions (Jimmy Forrest’s original 1952 version and James Brown’s 1965 smash hit) during long rope jumping sessions.

In his 6th bout, in Detroit, Michigan, Liston faced John Summerlin (19-1-2) on national television and won an eight-round decision. He later beat Summerlin in a rematch, but then suffered his first defeat, also in Detroit, at the hands of Marty Marshall on September 7, 1954. In the third round, Marshall, a defensive-minded journeyman, managed to break Liston’s jaw with a right hand while Liston was laughing at the smaller man’s unorthodox ring tactics. Liston proved his mettle by lasting the scheduled eight rounds despite the pain.

In 1955, he won six fights, he won five by knockouts, including a rematch with Marshall, whom he knocked out in six rounds. A rubber match with Marshall in 1956 saw him the winner by a ten-round decision, but in May of that year he again ran afoul of the law, accused of beating up a police officer. He was paroled after serving six months of a nine-month sentence and prohibited from boxing during 1957.

In 1958, he returned to boxing, winning eight fights that year. 1959 was a banner year for Liston, as he fought four times, knocking out Mike DeJohn in six, No. 1 challenger Cleveland Williams in three, and Nino Valdez, also in three. Despite moving up in the rankings, Liston had difficulty getting a shot at world heavyweight champion Floyd Patterson, whose handlers cited Liston’s links with the mob.

In 1960, Liston won five more fights, including a rematch with Williams, who lasted only two rounds. He also had knockout wins over Roy Harris (one round) and top contender Zora Folley (three rounds). Eddie Machen was the only contender who was not knocked out by Liston, but Liston secured a one-sided, 12-round decision.

Patterson-Liston

In 1962, Floyd Patterson finally signed to meet Liston for the world title. The fight was scheduled to be held in New York, but the New York Boxing Commission denied him a license because of his criminal record. As a result, the fight was moved to Comiskey Park, Chicago, Illinois. Liston and Patterson met on September 25 of that year, and Liston became world champion by knocking out Patterson in the first round.

Liston, however, was not a popular champion and was disappointed that on his return to his hometown of Philadelphia, the fans did not show up at the airport to cheer his success.

Patterson and Liston signed for a rematch, held on the evening of July 22, 1963, in Las Vegas, Nevada. This fight lasted two seconds longer than their first fight, with Liston once again knocking out Patterson in the first round.

Liston-Clay

Main article: Muhammad Ali versus Sonny Liston

Liston did not box again that year, and in 1964 on the evening of February 25 in Miami, Florida he fought against Cassius Clay, whom odds-makers made a distant 8-1 underdog. Liston lost his title when he shockingly quit in his corner before the start of the seventh round, claiming he had hurt his shoulder. Some believed the fight was fixed, and doubted whether Liston’s shoulder injury was real.

A Special Issue cover of Sports Illustrated shows Ali yelling at Liston to “Get up and fight.”

On May 25, 1965, Liston would encounter Clay again, now known as Muhammad Ali. The bout was originally scheduled for Boston, Massachusetts, but Ali, a week before the fight, was hospitalized with a hernia. The rescheduled match was held in the city of Lewiston, Maine.

Less than two minutes into the fight, while he was pulling away from Liston, Ali hit Liston with an extremely quick punch which didn’t seem to have much weight behind it. However, Liston awkwardly went down, first lurching forward to the canvas then sprawling out onto his back, spread-eagled. In the total shambles that followed, referee Jersey Joe Walcott never counted over Liston and never made Ali go to a neutral corner, while Ali yelled hysterically at Liston, running around the ring, arms aloft. During this time Liston made an attempt to get back to his feet, before again rolling onto his back.

After Liston finally got up, ringside boxing writer Nat Fleischer, who had no authority, informed Walcott that Liston had been on the canvas for over 10 seconds (during which time the fight briefly resumed), and that the fight should be over. Walcott then waved the fight off. The photograph of the knockdown of this fight is one of the most heavily promoted photos in the history of the media, and was even chosen as the cover of the Sports Illustrated special issue, “The Century’s Greatest Sports Photos”.

Subsequent fights

After the second loss to Ali, Liston took a year off from boxing, returning in 1966 and 1967, winning four consecutive bouts in Sweden, co-promoted by Ingemar Johansson. These knockout victories included one over Amos Johnson, who had recently defeated Henry Cooper. In 1968, he won seven fights, all by knockout, including one in Mexico. During that year, he stopped the young prospect Henry Clark (seven rounds), who was ranked No. 5 at the time. This bout was broadcast on ABC’s “Wide World Of Sports” and was America’s first look at Liston since the Ali rematch.

In 1969, Liston had three wins and one loss. Among his wins was a 10-round decision over Billy Joiner in St. Louis. But, in December, Liston lost by a knockout in nine rounds to Leotis Martin in Las Vegas after dominating the majority of the fight. But while Martin’s career ended after the fight because of a detached retina, Liston went on to win his final fight by technical knockout, against Chuck Wepner in June 1970.

Death

Liston was negotiating to fight George Chuvalo in Pittsburgh, when he was found dead by his wife in their Las Vegas home on January 5, 1971. The time of death has been placed as six to eight days prior to that, and several sources list December 30, 1970 as his date of passing. Following an investigation, Las Vegas police concluded that there were no signs of foul play.

The cause of Liston’s death remains a mystery. The police declared it a heroin overdose. As documented on the show Unsolved Mysteries, authorities found a puncture wound on Liston’s right arm, a syringe near his body, and small bags of heroin inside his kitchen. Authorities thus ruled Liston’s death a heroin overdose, although an autopsy showed only minute morphine and codeine levels in Liston’s body; too small for an apparent overdose.

Some, however, believe that the police investigation was a coverup, and the cause of Liston’s death remains unresolved. To wit, Liston supposedly had a phobia regarding needles. After winning the title, Liston at first refused to go on an exhibition tour of Europe when he was told he would have to get shots before he could travel overseas. Liston’s wife also reported that her husband would refuse basic medical care for common colds because of his dislike of needles. This, coupled with the fact that Liston was never known to be a substance abuser (besides heavy drinking), prompted rumors that he could have been murdered by some of his underworld contacts.

Additionally, authorities could not locate any other drug paraphernalia that Liston presumably would have needed to inject the fatal dose, such as a spoon to cook the heroin or an appendage to wrap around his arm. This only added to the mystery surrounding his death.

A friend of Liston’s also told “Unsolved Mysteries” that Liston had been in a car accident a few weeks prior to his death. Liston was hospitalized with minor injuries, and received intravenous medicine. This is believed to be the source of the puncture wound that authorities found upon discovering Liston’s body.

Liston is interred in Paradise Memorial Gardens in Las Vegas, Nevada. His headstone bears the simple epitaph “A Man.”

In popular culture

A feature film about Liston’s life Phantom Punch, starring Ving Rhames was produced in 2008 by Hassain Zaidi, Marek Posival and Ving Rhames.

A wax statue of Liston in his boxing robe, borrowed from Madame Tussauds’ Wax Museum,…

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History

The school was founded in 1978, and in 1993 moved to its present campus in Salwa. The same old building is being used to cater the students to this day. As of the acedemic year 2008-2009, all students in the K.G and Reception levels have been moved to a new building across the road, named “The Sunshine School” or TSK. The name came from what is now called “The British School of Kuwait”; “The Sunshine School” being the original name of the older school building, which only taught young children. The rest of the students in BSK will have to stay in the old building until plans for a third school building are made.

Courses and Study

A full range of examination courses is provided including ‘AS’ and ‘A2′ level courses in the sciences, the humanities, music, art, drama, business studies and economics, computer studies and French. The Sixth-Form numbers 85 and teaching takes place in the “Britania” Sixth form centre.

The curriculum at the British School of Kuwait is designed in accordance with the principles of the British education system and the medium of teaching is English apart from in Arabic, Islamic Studies and French and German language lessons. Due regard is paid to the cultural context of the Middle East and the traditions of the 65 nations from which students come. Most of the English-speaking teachers at BSK are recruited in the United Kingdom and are recognized by the UK Department for Education and Skills.[citation needed] -In other words, they REALLY go out of their way to cover their money-grubbing asses.

At a certain fee the school provides access to a range of ‘British Schools’, these are after school events ranging from chess to yoga , water bottle bags .

Facilitie , imitation bags .

Facilities at the British School of Kuwait include a Computer Centre, about 4 small laboratories, a library, a theatre, and a couple of art and music rooms. Areas for sport activites or events include a swimming pool, two tennis courts, and a basketball court. Although there are a wide range of facilities, the old books, lack of modern equipment, and ageing theatre make these so called facilities difficult to work around, both for students and teachers.

E-Learning

In 2003 the British School of Kuwait underwent a project to encourage (or make it compulsory) for all students from Y3-Y13 to have personal laptop computers.[citation needed] This attempt to improve the quality of learning at BSK has only backfired. The students have become more occupied with playing computer games in school than learning, and the teachers will simply give the student a website to look at and will, in many cases, ignore the students after asking them to use their laptops in class. Rather than improve the standard of learning, the addition of laptops in BSK has served as a distraction for many students and teachers. The only positive outcome for the school would be the masses of profit made through exploiting eager students who wish to learn by selling laptops in school and adding a compulsary fee for a neccesary “configuration” that will allow the students to access the school’s system amongst other things like the internet and online gaming. This fee goes for those who have purchased laptops inside and outside the school. Students who cannot afford to/do not wish to buy a laptop will be given constant “letter(s) of reminder” as a notice to the parents that their son/daughter have not purchased a laptop from the school, or have not configurated a laptop purchased from school, or have purchased a laptop from outside the school and have not configurated it, or have not purchased a laptop or configurated the yet-to-be-purchased laptop from outside or inside the school.

Acedemic year and application

The school year runs from September to June and a summer school is offered during July. All new students are interviewed and are required to take an entrance examination (The school is always happy to suck credit-cards dry, so it really doesn’t matter if prospective students actually manage to fail the ridiculously easy exam, or that they have a criminal record, they’ll still make it in).

Charity Events

In 2007, BSK’s Charity committee announced their support for the Kuwaiti Charity KACCH (Kuwait Association for Children’s Care Hospice) by raising money and having a group of students visit the hospital weekly in order to help entertain and occupy the children. The school has also organised several “charity events” where the aim was to donate as much money as possible. An example of such an event is a “charity walk”, where students have to walk about 15 kilometres under the “sponsorship” of certain students or teachers, who will pay them a certain amout for every kilometre they walk. The resulting money should then be given to teacher hosting the event. This is rarely the case and many students get away with the money that was seemingly going to charity. In the end of the long walk, the students are treated to McDonalds at their own cost.

http://www.bsk.edu.kw

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History

Rugby School was founded in 1567 as a provision in the will of Lawrence Sheriff, who had made his fortune supplying groceries to Queen Elizabeth I of England. It is one of the nine English public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of a handful of prominent English Public Schools that can be said to have created the ideal of the Victorian gentleman and the importance of public schools as the training ground for service in the Empire in the nineteenth century. The influence of Rugby and its pupils and masters in the nineteenth century was enormous and in many ways the stereotype of the English public school is a reworking of Arnold’s Rugby. Still today it is one of the best known schools in the country and seen as a leading innovator in education (e.g. see its leading role in developing the Cambridge Pre-U).

Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend the game of rugby was invented

Since Lawrence Sheriff lived in Rugby, the school was intended to be a free grammar school for the boys of that town. Gradually, however, as Rugby’s fame spread it was no longer desirable to have local boys attending and the nature of the school shifted, and so a new school Lawrence Sheriff Grammar School was founded in 1878 to continue Lawrence Sheriff’s original intentions; that school receives a substantial proportion of the endowment income from Lawrence Sheriff’s estate every year.

Rugby School continues to offer a large number of scholarship places for outstanding students from the local community, who come from state (maintained) primary schools in the immediate vicinity of Rugby.[citation needed] The school’s new Arnold Foundation has been established to enable it to offer similar support to children from outside the Rugby area. The core of the school (which contains School House, featured in Tom Brown’s Schooldays) was completed in 1815 and is built around the Old Quad (quadrangle), with its fine and graceful Georgian architecture. Especially notable rooms are the Upper Bench (an intimate space with a book-lined gallery), the Old Hall of School House, and the Old Big School (which makes up one side of the quadrangle, and was once the location for teaching all junior pupils). Thomas Hughes (like his fictional hero, Tom Brown) once carved his name onto the hands of the school clock, situated on a tower above the Old Quad. The polychromatic school chapel, new quadrangle, Temple Reading Room, Macready Theatre and Gymnasium were designed by the well-known Victorian Gothic revival architect William Butterfield in 1875, and the smaller Memorial Chapel was dedicated in 1922 , static bag .

Headmastership of Rugby Schoo , cell phone purses .

Thomas Arnold

Main article: Thomas Arnold

The school’s most famous headmaster was Dr. Thomas Arnold. Appointed in 1828 he executed many reforms to the school curriculum and administration and was immortalised in Thomas Hughes’ book Tom Brown’s School Days. It was Arnold’s reforms, with their emphasis on sport, ‘fair play’ and the system of allocating responsibility to boys, that led the British Public School system towards the ‘Muscular Christianity’ ethos which drove the British Imperial expansion. Arnold’s Rugby can be said to have created what we think of as the English Public School.

Headmasters since 1828

From 1828 to 1966

Thomas Arnold - 1828 to 1842

Archibald Campbell Tait - 1842 to 1848

Dr Edward Meyrick Goulburn - 1849 to 1857

Frederick Temple - 1858 to 1869

Henry Hayman DD - 1870 to 1874

Thomas William Jex-Blake, DD, 1874 to 1887

John Percival, DD, - 1887 to 1895

Herbert Armitage James, DD - 1895 to 1910

Albert Augustus David - 1910 to 1921

William Wyamar Vaughan - 1921 to 1931

Percy Hugh Beverley Lyon - 1931 to 1948

Sir Arthur Frederic Brownlow fforde - 1948 to 1957

Walter Hamilton - 1957 to 1966

James Woodhouse - 1967 to

From 1980 to present

Brian Rees - to 1985

Richard Bull - 1985 to 1990

Michael Mavor - 1990 to 2001

Patrick Derham - 2001 to present

William Webb Ellis

Main article: William Webb Ellis

William Webb Ellis plaque

Webb-Ellis at Rugby, 1823

The game of Rugby owes its name to the school. The legend of William Webb Ellis and the origin of the game is commemorated by a plaque. The story has been known to be a myth since it was first investigated by the Old Rugbeian Society (renamed the Rugbeian Society) in 1895. There were no standard rules for football during Webb Ellis’s time at Rugby (18161825) and most varieties involved carrying the ball. The games played at Rugby were organised by the students and not the masters, the rules of the game played at Rugby and elsewhere were a matter of custom and were not written down. They were frequently changed and modified with each new intake of students. The sole source of the story is credited to one Matthew Bloxam (a former student, but not a contemporary of Webb Ellis) in October 1876 (four years after the death of Webb Ellis) in a letter to the school newspaper (The Meteor) whereby he quotes some unknown friend relating the story to him. He elaborated on the story some three years later in another letter to The Meteor, but shed no further light on its source. Richard Lindon is credited for the invention of the “Oval” rugby ball, the rubber inflatable bladder and the brass hand pump. a Boot and Shoemaker had premises immediately across the street from the School’s main entrance in Lawrence Sheriff Street. No doubt the boys of Rugby School had significant input into their required design.

It is also fair to say that cross country running began at Rugby School. The Crick Run was the first such event of its type in the world, and is still a major annual event in the School’s calendar.

Houses

Rugby School has both day and boarding-pupils, the latter in the majority. Originally it was for boys only, but girls have been admitted to the sixth form since 1975. It went fully co-educational in 1995.

The school community is divided into houses:

Boys:

Cotton House

Kilbracken

Michell House

School Field

School House

Sheriff House

Town House (Day House)

Whitelaw House

Girls:

Bradley House (ex boys’ house)

Dean House

Griffin House

Rupert Brooke House

Southfield House (Day House)

Stanley House (ex boys’ house: 6th form)

Tudor House (ex boys’ house)

Junior School:

Marshall House (Day House. Pupils leave Marshall House at age 13 to join one of the other houses, usually Town for boys and Southfield for girls)

Information

Rugby School from the side

Age range: 11 - 18

Day pupils: 77 boys, 64 girls

Annual day fees: 15,120 - 15,120

Full boarding pupils: 369 boys, 296 girls

Annual full boarding fees: approx 27,000

Total pupils: 446 boys, 360 girls

Including 6th form/FE: 194 boys, 168 girls

Staff numbers: 100 full time - 9 part time

Method of entry: Common Entrance, Interview, Scholarship or bursary exam

Professional affiliations: HMC

Religious affiliation: Church of England

Alumni

Main article: Alumni of Rugby School

There have been a number of notable Old Rugbeians including the purported father of the sport of Rugby William Webb Ellis, the inventor of Australian rules football Tom Wills, the war poets Rupert Brooke and John Gillespie Magee, Jr., Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, author and mathematician Lewis Carroll, poet and cultural critic Matthew Arnold, the author and social critic Salman Rushdie and the Irish writer and republican Francis Stuart. Matthew Arnold’s father Thomas Arnold, was a headmaster of the school.

The Rugbeian Society

The Rugbeian Society is for former pupils at the School. An Old Rugbeian is sometimes referred to as an OR.

The purposes of the Society are to encourage and help Rugbeians in interacting with each other and to strengthen the ties between ORs and the School.

Rugby School slang

In common with most English public schools, Rugby has its own argot, a few words of which are listed below. Also, the Oxford “-er” abbreviation (e.g. Johnners, rugger, footer etc), prevalent at Oxford University from about 1875, is thought to have been borrowed from the slang of Rugby School. However, much of the slang below is now obsolete as marked.

Bags: Sporting colours (particularly ‘The Holder of Bigside Bags’, the Captain of the Running Eight)

Beaks: Teachers (obsolete)

Bodger: The current headmaster (After Dr. H. A. James - former headmaster (1895-1909). He gained this nickname whilst headmaster at Rossall School.) (obsolete)

Boomer: Chapel Bell (not actually functional, on the premise the tower may collapse)

Bosh: A traditional game of soccer between School House and School Field on the Close annually (obsolete)

Bug: Library (obsolete)The main library is the Temple Reading Room (TRR)

Copy: Award for exceptional work

Dics: House prayers or talks on useful information (obsolete)

Distinction: Award for slightly less exceptional work than a Copy

F-Block: Year 9

E-Block: Year 10

D-Block: Year 11

Lacque (pronounced ‘Lake’): Room for the sixth in Sheriff House

Levee: School prefect

LXX: Year 12

Hall: The table below that of the Sixth. Members of Hall have or had certain privileges, such as that of carrying an umbrella, or making toast.(obsolete)

New Turf and Old Turf: Hockey Astro Pitches

Old Guard: Sports team of teachers

Pig Hut run: Physical punishment of running to Levee…

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Club career

Early career

He was given his first-team debut in a UEFA Cup tie against Palermo on 2 November 2006, when he appeared as a late substitute and became the youngest ever player to represent Newcastle in Europe at the age of 17 years and 300 days.

He made his debut in the FA Cup in the home defeat to Birmingham City, appearing as substitute for the last 10 minutes.

On 25 February 2007, Carroll made his Premier League debut for Newcastle, coming on as a substitute in the 87th minute in the 10 defeat to Wigan Athletic, almost scoring in the process, only a good save from Wigan goalkeeper John Filan prevented him from scoring his first goal in a Newcastle shirt.

In 2007, he won the ‘Wor Jackie Milburn Trophy’, given each year to the rising star of north-east football.

On 29 July, Carroll scored his first senior goal in a 2-0 friendly win over Juventus, with a left foot shot. After the match, Carroll received praise from legendary Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, who tipped Carroll to have a big future.

Loan period at Preston

On 14 August, Carroll signed a six month loan deal with Preston North End and made his debut for them in the League Cup against Morecambe on the same day.

Carroll was sent off playing for Preston against Scunthorpe United on 19 September. He finally scored his first Championship goal, and his first English league goal for Preston in the game against Leicester City on 6 November. He returned to Newcastle in January after a rather unsuccessful time.

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After spending the rest of the season in the reserves and on the bench for Newcastle, Carroll was linked with recently relegated Derby County on 11 June 2008 , leather mens bag .

On 14 September, Carroll was arrested by police called to the Pudding Chare in Newcastle responding to a report that a woman had been assaulted, and later accepted a police caution for assault. He then made his first appearance for Newcastle in the 200809 season on 20 October, coming on as a substitute for Shola Ameobi at home to Manchester City. He also featured in Newcastle’s 21 Boxing Day defeat to Wigan, being brought down late in the game to win a penalty from which Danny Guthrie scored and later being booked for diving after going down from another challenge in stoppage time. Carroll scored his first competitive goal for Newcastle on his first ever home start with a header against West Ham United as part of a 22 draw on 10 January 2009. He got into trouble with Newcastle manager Joe Kinnear when he got into a training ground fight with French teammate Charles N’Zogbia over a late tackle on Carrol’s counterpart. Kinnear decided not to punish the two saying “It was just handbags, and it’s been blown out of all proportion,” and “I can’t stop players being passionate, and wouldn’t want to. I won’t be taking any action”.

On 12 March it was announced that Carroll had signed a new three and a half year contract, keeping him with Newcastle until 2013, this coincided with his first call up to the England under-20 team. Carroll scored a crucial equaliser in Newcastle’s 1-1 draw with Stoke in April 2009. This goal wasn’t enough and Newcastle were relegated on the final day of the season, Sunday 24th May 2009. This marked a return to the second tier of english football after a 16-year stay.

International career

On 11 September 2007, Carroll made his England under 19 debut against Belarus, scoring in the 40 victory. Carroll, along with Scott Sinclair & Ryan Bertrand, was sent home after breaking curfew on 14 October during preparation for a match against Romania.

Carroll received his first call up to the England under-21 team on 5 August 2009.

References

^ “Palermo (a) UEFA Cup Group Stage Game 2″. nufc.com. http://www.nufc.com/html/2006-07html/2006-11-02palermo-a.html. Retrieved on July 31 2007.

^ “Buffon hails Magpies starlet”. Sky Sports. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11678_2632503,00.html. Retrieved on July 31 2007.

^ “Rams lead Carroll chase”. Sky Sports. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11678_3677684,00.html. Retrieved on June 15 2008.

^ “Coach’s Joy at Carroll’s strike”. ChronicleLive. http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/nufc/newcastle-united-news/tm_headline=coach-8217-s-joy-at-carroll-8217-s-strike%26method=full%26objectid=19778448%26siteid=72703-name_page.html. Retrieved on September 12 2007.

^ “England youngsters sent home”. Sky Sports. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12010_2800655,00.html. Retrieved on 04 March 2009.

^ “Pearce overlooks Wilshere”. Sky Sports. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12010_5475128,00.html. Retrieved on 05 August 2009.

External links

Andy Carroll career stats at Soccerbase

Official Newcastle United Profile

BBC Profile

v d e

Newcastle United F.C. current squad

1 Harper 2 Coloccini 3 Jos Enrique 4 Nolan 7 Barton 8 Guthrie 11 Duff 16 R. Taylor 17 Smith 18 Jons 19 Xisco 20 Geremi 22 Butt 23 Ameobi 24 Carroll 25 LuaLua 26 Krul 27 S. Taylor 28 Kdr 29 Zamblera 30 Ranger 31 Danquah 32 Ngo Baheng 33 Sderberg 35 Tozer 37 Morris 42 Donaldson 45 Lough 47 Inman 48 Tavernier 49 Adjei Interim manager: Hughton

Categories: 1989 births | People from Gateshead | Living people | Football (soccer) forwards | English footballers | Newcastle United F.C. players | Preston North End F.C. players | Premier League players | The Football League players